SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
I.
PENGERTIAN
Simple presnt tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja
untuk menyatakan fakta, kebiasaan, atau kejadian yang terjadi pada saat ini.
II.
PENJELASAN DAN RUMUS
Simple present tense dibentuk dari verb 1(present
tense) atau link verb “be”(is,am,are). Apa itu verb 1? Verb 1 merupakan bare infinitive dengan tambahan –s atau
–es (contoh verb 1: does, goes, wants) khusus untuk subject berupa singular noun
(kata benda tunggal: Tita, book, car) atau third
person singular pronoun (kata ganti orang ketiga tunggal: she, he, it);
atau tanpa tambahan apapun (contoh ver 1: do, go, want) untuk subject berupa plural noun (boys, men, books) atau plural noun (we, they), pronoun
I/you, atau compound subject (you and me, Tina and Ratih).
Dengan demikian rumus simple present tense untuk
kalimat positif, negatif, dan interogatif sebagai berikut :
·
Positif
Subject + Tobe (is, am, are) + Object
Contoh :
Ø I am a Singer
Ø I am a Teachers
Ø She is Very Beautiful
Ø You are Clever
Ø He is twenty years old
·
Negatif
Subject + Tobe (is, am, are) + NOT + Object
Contoh:
Ø I am not a Singer
Ø You are not Clever
Ø We are not Teachers
Ø She is not Beautiful
Ø It is not my new house
·
Interogatif
Tobe(is, am, are) + Subject + Object + ?
Contoh :
Ø Am I a Singger ?
Ø Are We Teachers ?
Ø Are you Clever ?
Ø Is she twenty years old?
Ø Is it my new house ?
PRESENT CONTINOUS
I.
PENGERTTIAN
Present
continous tense biasa disebut juga Present Progressive Tense adalah bentuk
waktu yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan, keadaan atau peristiwa
yang sedang terjadi pada saat dibicarakan.
II.
Rumus Present Continous Tense
·
Positif
Subject +
tobe(is, am, are) + (V1+ing)
Contoh :
Ø She
is Writing a letter now.
Ø They
are Climbing Gede mountain
Ø He
is Reading a story book now.
Ø Rani
is Walking to Mosque
Ø I
am Eating noodles
·
Negaif
Subject +
tobe(is, am, are) + not + (V1+ing)
Contoh :
Ø She
is not Writing a letter now.
Ø The
are not Climbing Gede mountain
Ø He
is not Reading a story book now.
Ø Rani
is not Walking to Mosque
Ø I
am not eating noodles
·
Interogatif
Tobe(is, am,
are) + Subject + (V1+ing) ?
Contoh:
Ø Is
she Writing a letter now ?
Ø Are
they Climbing Gede Mountain ?
Ø Is
he Reading a story book now ?
Ø Is
Rani walking to Mosque ?
Ø Am
I eating noodles?
SIMPLE PAST TENSE
I.
PENGERTIAN
Simple past
digunakan untuk berbicara tentang suatu kegiatan atau situasi yang dimulai dan
berakhr pada waktu tertentu di masa lampau. (contoh: yesterday, last night,
days ago, in 1999).
Pada simple past
tense, verb yang digunakan adalah Verb 2. Biasanya sebagian besar adalah
regular verb atau verb/kata kerja dibentuk dengan menambahkan akhiran –ed pada
verb/kata kerja.
II.
Rumus dan Contoh
·
Positif
Subject + Verb 2
+ Object
Contoh :
Ø She
studied english yesterday.
Ø He
ate noodles last night.
Ø I
went to hospital yesterday.
Ø She
played badminton last night.
Ø He
watched a movie last week.
·
Negatif
Ø He
did not study english yesterday.
Ø She
did not eat noodles last night.
Ø I
did not go to hospital yesterday.
Ø She
did not play badminton last night.
Ø He
did not watch a movie last week.
·
Interogatif
Ø Did
he study english yesterday ?
Ø Did
she eat noodles last night ?
Ø Did
you go to hospital yesterday ?
Ø Did
she play badminton last night ?
Ø Did
he watch a movie last week ?
PAST CONTINOUS TENSE
I.
PENGERTIAN
Past continous
tense (bentuk waktu waktu lampau yang sedang berlangsung) pada umumnya
digunakan untuk menyatakan perbuatan, keadaan atau peristiwa yang sedang
berlangsung di waktu lampau disaat keadaan atau peristiwa yang lain terjadi.
II.
Rumus dan Contoh
Ø Pola
kalimat positif yang digunakan yaitu :
1.
Untuk Subjek They, We, I, You
§ Subject
+ were + V1 + Ing
2.
Untuk Subjek She, He, It
§ Subject
+ was + V1 + Ing
Contoh :
a.
I was reading a letter when the bell
rang.
b.
They were washing when I visited them
yesterday.
c.
I was eating when you called me
d.
She was reading newspaper when I
breakfast
e.
He was watching Tv when I came.
Ø Pola
kalimat Negatif
1.
Untuk subjek They, We, I, You
Subject + were +
not + V1 + Ing
2.
Untuk subjek She, He, It
Subject + was +
not + V1 + Ing
Contoh :
a.
I was not writing a letter when the bell
rang
b.
They were not washing when I visited
them yesterday
c.
I was not eating when you called me
d.
She was not reading newspaper when I breakfast
e.
He was not watching TV when I came
Ø Pola
kalimat Interogatif
1.
Untuk subjek They, We, I, You
Were + subject +
V1 + Ing + ?
2.
Untuk subjek She, He, It
Was + subject +
V1 + Ing + ?
Contoh :
a.
Was I writing a letter when the bell
rang ?
b.
Were they washing when I visited them
yesterday ?
c.
Was I eating when you called me ?
d.
Was she reading newspaper when I
breakfast ?
e.
Was he watching TV when I came ?
SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT
I.
PENGERTIAN
Subject verb
agreement adalah penyesuaian antara verb (kata kerja) dengan subject kalimat
dalam hal number, yaitu : singular (tunggal) atau plural (jamak). Sunjek dapat
berupa noun (kata benda), pronoun (kata ganti), atau konstruksi lain yang
berakting sebagai noun, seperti gerund dan infinitive. Pada dasarnya, singular
subject (subjek tunggal) menggunakan singular verb (kata kerja tunggal),
sedangkan plural subject (subjek jamak) menggunakan plural verb (kata kerja
jamak).
Contoh :
Ø The
sun rises
Ø The
stars shine
Ø Hani
rarely eats white bread
Ø You
go straight ahead then turn left
Ø They
like eating out
Ø The
manager has checked the documents
PRONOUN
I.
PENGERTIAN
Pronoun adalah
kata yang digunakan untuk menggantikan noun (kata benda) yang dapat berupa
orang, benda, hewan, tempat,atau konsep abstrak. Kata ganti benda ini merupakan
satu dari delapan part of speech.
II.
MACAM-MACAM PRONOUN
1.
Personal Pronoun
(I, You, They,
We, She, He, It, Us, Her, His, Them, Mine, Yours, dll)
Contoh :
She prefers to
brisk walk to jog.
Yours is on the
table
2.
Demonstrative Pronoun
(This, That,
These, Those)
Contoh :
This is the most
interesting book I have ever read
3.
Interrogative Pronoun
(Who, What,
Which, Whose, Whom, dll)
Contoh :
Who is that man
?
4.
Relative Pronoun
(Who, Whom,
Whose, Which, That, dll)
Contoh :
The packet,
which was sent a week ago, has received.
5.
Indefinite Pronoun
(anything,
everything, none, someone, something)\
Contoh :
You did
everything right
6.
Reflexive Pronoun
(myself,
yourself, itself, youselves, himself, herself, ourselves, themselves)
Contoh :
I’m going to buy
myself new jeans.
7.
Intensive Pronoun
(bentuknya sama
dengan reflexive pronoun)
Contoh :
I myself promise
not to corrupt the project.
8.
Reciprocal Pronoun
(each other, one
another)
Contoh :
They love each
other.
They take care each
other.
